| CTM 9.1 A1 |
Chemical Tanker Manual CTM Definitions |
Doc No.: CTM 9.1 A1
Revision: 01 Date: 15 Oct 2024 Issued by: DPA Approved by: MD |
DEFINITIONS
1.1 ACID
A corrosive substance that contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts.
1.2 Acute Toxic Effect
The effect on humans of a single exposure of short duration to high concentrations of a toxic compound or toxic vapour.
1.3 Alcohol Resistant Foam
A multi-purpose firefighting foam effective against many water soluble cargoes. This is the most commonly used type of firefighting foam on chemical tankers.
1.4 Alkali
A corrosive substance such as a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal having marked basic properties that are opposite to that of an acid.
1.5 Aqueous
Indicating that the compound is in solution in water.
1.6 Asphyxia
The condition arising when the blood is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen, so that loss of consciousness may follow.
1.7 Asphyxiant
A gas or vapour, which may or may not have toxic properties, which when present in sufficient concentrations excludes oxygen and leads to asphyxia.
1.8 Auto-ignition Temperature
The lowest temperature to which a solid, liquid or gas requires to be raised to cause self-sustaining combustion without initiation by a spark or flame or other source of ignition.
1.9 BCH Code
The IMO Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk.
1.10 Cargo
Means the cargoes being loaded, stowed, transferred or discharged onto / aboard / from vessel.
1.11 Catalyst
A substance that starts or changes the rate of a reaction without being itself chemically changed. A catalyst which reduces the rate of a reaction is known as a negative catalyst.
1.12 Certificate of Fitness (COF)
A certificate issued by the flag administration confirming that the structure, equipment, fittings, arrangements and materials used in the construction of a chemical tanker are in compliance with the relevant IMO Chemical Codes. Such certification may be issued on behalf of the administration by approved classification societies.
1.13 Company
Means Ship Management Company
1.14 Gas Absorption Detector
An instrument used for the detection of vapours, which works on the principal of a reaction between a vapour and a chemical agent in the apparatus; either the vapour discolours the agent or the agent dissolves some of the vapour.
1.15 Chronic Toxic Effect
The cumulative effect on humans of prolonged exposures to low concentrations of a toxic compound or toxic vapour, or of intermittent exposures to higher concentrations (see also Acute Toxic Effect).
1.16 Combustible (Flammable)
Capable of being ignited and of burning. For the purpose of this manual, the terms combustible and flammable are synonymous.
1.17 Combustible Gas Indicator (Explosimeter)
An instrument for detecting a combustible gas/air mixture, usually measuring its concentration in terms of the Lower Flammable Limit (LFL).
1.18 Corrosive Liquids
Liquids which can corrode normal constructional materials at an excessive rate. Usually they can also cause serious damage to human tissues and eyes.
1.19 Crew
Means the crew employed aboard the Vessel.
1.20 Density
Mass per unit volume, measured in a vacuum.
1.21 Endothermic
A process which is accompanied by absorption of heat.
1.22 Exothermic
A process which is accompanied by evolution of heat.
1.23 Explosion Proof Equipment / Flame Proof Equipment
Equipment or apparatus which will withstand, without damage and in accordance with its prescribed rating, any explosion of a prescribed flammable gas to which it may be subjected under practical operating conditions, and which will prevent the transmission of flame to the surrounding atmosphere.
1.24 Filling Ratio
That volume of a tank, expressed as a percentage of the total volume, which can be safely filled by liquid when allowing for the possible expansion of the liquid.
1.25 Flame Arrester
A device used to arrest the passage of flame in a pipeline.
1.26 Flame Screen (Gauze Screen)
A portable or fitted device incorporating one or more corrosion resistant wire woven fabrics of very small mesh used for preventing sparks from entering a tank or vent opening. For a short period of time a flame screen will prevent the passage of flame, yet permit the passage of gas.
1.27 Flammable (Combustible)
Capable of being ignited and of burning. For the purpose of this manual the terms combustible and flammable are synonymous.
1.28 Flammable Limits (Explosive Limits)
The minimum and maximum concentrations of vapour in air which form flammable (explosive) mixtures are known as the lower flammable limit (LFL) and upper flammable limit (UFL) respectively. These terms are synonymous with lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL) respectively.
1.29 Flammable Range
The range of flammable vapour concentrations in air between the lower and upper flammable limits. Mixtures within this range are capable of being ignited and of burning.
1.30 Flash Point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapour to be ignited. This temperature is determined by laboratory testing in a prescribed apparatus (see also Autoignition Temperature).
1.31 IBC Code
The IMO International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk.
1.32 IMO
International Maritime Organisation.
1.33 Incendive Spark
A spark of sufficient temperature and energy to ignite a flammable atmosphere.
1.34 Inhibitor
A substance used to prevent or retard cargo deterioration or a potentially hazardous chemical self-reaction, eg., polymerization.
1.35 ISM Code
International Safety Management Code.
1.36 ISO 9001:2015
International Standards Organisation Standards for Quality Systems in a Service Industry.
1.37 ISO 14001
International Standards Organisation environmental and emissions standard.
1.38 ISPS Code
International Ships and Port Facility Security Code.
1.39 Master
Means a Master who is assigned as the Master of one of the fleet of vessels managed or operated by Company.
1.40 Miscibility
The ability of a liquid or gas to dissolve uniformly in another liquid or gas.
1.41 Narcosis
A condition of profound insensibility, resembling sleep, in which the unconscious person can only be roused with great difficulty but is not entirely indifferent to sensory stimuli.
1.42 Odour Threshold
The smallest concentration of gas or vapour, expressed in parts per million (ppm) by volume in air, that most people can detect by smell.
1.43 Owner
Means the Owner or the Manager of the vessel operated by company.
1.44 Oxidising Agent
An element or compound that is capable of adding oxygen or removing hydrogen; or one that is capable of taking one or more electrons from an atom or group of atoms (the opposite of a Reducing Agent).
1.45 Overseas Representative
Means Company's staff stationed in its overseas offices as Company's representative.
1.46 Padding
Filling and maintaining the cargo tank and associated piping system with an inert gas, other gas or vapour, or liquid, in order to separate the cargo from air.
1.47 Peroxides
Compounds formed by the chemical combination of cargo liquid or vapour with atmospheric oxygen, or oxygen from another source. These compounds may in some cases be highly reactive or unstable and constitute a potential hazard.
1.48 P + I Club
Protection and Indemnity Club.
1.49 Policy
Means Company's fundamental policy approved by the Managing Director of Company to run Company.
1.50 Polymerisation
The phenomenon whereby the molecules of a particular compound link together into a larger unit called a polymer. A great deal of heat may be evolved when this occurs. Polymerisation may occur spontaneously with no outside influence, or it may occur if the compound is heated or if a catalyst or impurity is added. Polymerisation may, under some circumstances, be dangerous but may be delayed or controlled by the addition of inhibitors.
1.51 Pour Point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid will remain fluid.
1.52 Putrefaction
The natural decomposition, over time, of animal or vegetable oils, accompanied by offensive smells.
1.53 Reducing Agent
An element or compound that is capable of removing oxygen, or adding hydrogen; or one that is capable of giving one or more electrons to an atom or group of atoms.
1.54 Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP)
The vapour pressure of a liquid determined by laboratory testing in a standard manner in the Reid Apparatus at a standard temperature of 100 Deg F (37.8 Deg C) expressed in pounds per square inch absolute, and commonly written RVP lb’.
1.55 Relative Vapour Density
The relative weight of the vapour compared with the weight of an equal column of air at standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
1.56 Self-reaction
The tendency of a chemical to react with itself, usually resulting in polymerisation or decomposition. Self-reaction may be promoted by contamination with small amounts of other materials.
1.57 Shore Personnel
Means Company's staff working in the shore offices.
1.58 S.M.P.E.P.
Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan.
1.59 Solubility
The ability of one substance (solid, liquid or gas) to blend uniformly with another. Solubility is usually understood as the maximum weight of substance which will dissolve in water in the presence of undissolved substances.
1.60 S.O.P.E.P.
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.
1.61 Systemic Toxic Effect
The effect of a substance or its vapour on those parts of the human body with which it is not in contact.
1.62 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) (Short Term Exposure Limit)
The time weighted average (TWA) concentration of a substance to which it is believed workers may be repeatedly exposed, for a normal 8 hour working day and 40 hour working week, day after day, without adverse effect. It may be supplemented by other limits.
1.63 Toxic
Poisonous ie., causing bodily harm that may be severe (see also Acute Toxic Effect and Chronic Toxic Effect).
1.64 UTI
Unreported Tank Inspection. Also used as an abbreviation for Universal Tanker Inspection.
1.65 Vapour Pressure
The pressure exerted by the vapour above the liquid, at a given temperature.
1.66 Vessel
Means the vessel managed by Company.
1.67 Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow; the thicker the liquid, the higher the viscosity.
1.68 Volatile Liquid
The relative weight of the vapour compared with the weight of an equal column of air at standard conditions of temperature and pressure.